It's an additive developed in Germany many years ago. My Dad used and still uses it in all of his and our family vehicles no matter the age. And that's how I learned about it and why I also always used it.
I must say I'm generally not exactly a big fan of all these additive things that you can pour into any fluids in your vehicle these days. This is simply because often those things are fairly expensive and actual tests and studies often times reveal that they may even be rather useless.
But that MoS2 additive really is good stuff that's around for many, many years now and it indeed works really well. It's a 'dry lubricant' similar to graphene. Here's a link that explains what MoS2 is and how it works.
Molybdenum disulfide - Wikipedia
It also somewhat accumulates inside the tiny groves that form with mechanical wear and smoothens out the surfaces that way.
You can find the Liqui Moly MoS2 stuff online, but at least the Advanced Auto Parts stores here in the area where I live also carry it. But here where I am they're the only ones that have it. (Liqui Moly is a German brand that also offers a bunch of other additives as well these days, so don't confuse those with the MoS2 additive that they make, and which they started out their business with. Hence also the name of the brand.)
Back in Germany I just always had it in the oil in all my cars, in Diesel or gasoline engines likewise.
Here in the US despite looking for it now and then I just couldn't find it for quite a while, and when I finally found it and added it to the Oil in my Explorer I was surprised how noticeably quieter, smoother the engine sound of my 4.0 OHV (with 195k miles) immediately was.
This stuff is the one thing that I really recommend adding to your engine oil, no matter how old or new your vehicle, simply because it does reduce wear at any stage of an engine's lifetime. The effect of the additive may be more easily noticeable on older vehicles of course (like in the noticeably smoother engine sound of my old Explorer), but it reduces mechanical - 'tribological' wear in old and new engines likewise.
On the 4.0 SOHC engines I imagine this MoS2 stuff should probably also be able to help extend the lifetime of the timing-chain guides and tensioners.