Thanks for the replies, folks! I've been driving a lot over the last few days (my 320 mi commute, and then a hiking trip to the mountains). So far no CEL, whereas before I changed the O2 sensors I'd have a CEL/P0420 code set more or less right after I cleared the old one out.
As for fuel economy, it seems to be in the normal range so far. I got about 20.5 MPG during the first leg of my commute and 19.5 MPG on the second, but the second leg had more wide open driving (80 MPH) and more city driving than usual, so I figure a bit of a drop is to be expected.
The y pipe I ordered from Amazon was supposed to arrive by 8 PM on 6/4, but it never showed up. I ended up getting a refund from them and they told me to refuse delivery when it arrived late....but it looks like it was never actually shipped in the first place. Glad I didn't waste time sitting around waiting for a part that was never going to arrive!