You are right about the wheel weights... That double weighted wheel was done by amateurs I guess.
CLR= Calcium, Lime, Rust. None of these materials are typically a problem on aluminum alloy rims. CLR is pretty good for porcelin sinks, bathtubs, showers, etc.
Alloy rims get road grime, caked mud, brake dust, and oily gunk. Use a pressure washer, or a mild detergent like 409 or simple green with an old toothbrush or similar, and paper towels or shop rags. Your Ford alloy rims have a clearcoat on them so do not use harsh abrasives like Ajax cleanser, or solvents that might damage the clearcoat finish. You can also wax your rims after they are cleaned, they look nice and sparkley and the wash up easier next time.