The ford part numbers are easy to decipher. The first part loosely defines the year and model of the first vehicle it was designed for. The second part is the part series it belongs to (alternator, switch, rack, etc...), and the last part is the design suffix/level. There's not a lot to decipher - it's pretty basic knowledge that has been around for decades. Anyone in the industry should know this.
Ford dealers are not all knowing and I would say most don't really care what is "technically" interchangeable.
When people/businesses find parts that are interchangeable, they can choose to share that knowledge freely, keep the knowledge to themselves and capitalize on it, or not tell anyone or share it at all.
I don't believe you'll be able to determine gearing or other part specific features from the part number - you'd need the part drawing to verify specs (I doubt you will get drawings unless you have a really, really good friend at ford or TRW) or you'd have to disassemble some parts to verify.