Traction!!
Lou -
Welcome to the site. This is a great place to get all sorts of info on Explorers as well as other Fords.
An "open" differential has no traction aiding device (locker, limited slip, etc.). As you probably know, most factory equipped 4 wheel drive vehicles usually just turn two of the four wheels when in 4WD mode. A limited slip or locker allows the additional wheels to turn, increasing traction. Lockers "lock" the axles which usually provide more traction than a limited slip. The trade off is that the limited slip is much more street friendly than the locker.
Re-gearing is required when you increase your tire size. The larger your tire, the lower (numerically higher) you need to re-gear. This helps keep the engine's perfomance at an acceptable level. Usually, most Explorers with 31" and 32" tires run 4.10 gears, 33" to 35" usually have 4.56 gears.
There is a lot more info for traction and gearing, this brief description is just the tip of the iceberg.
Paul
'91 Sport