Ive read the AWD system is not computerized, its all mechanical, so technically the trans should not know anything about the removed drive shaft. You read it right; AWD uses a tiny "torque converter" (viscous clutch) to absorb speed differences which occur between front and rear driveshafts. This is why AWD can be driven on dry pavement, while conventional 4WD must not: those speed differences on pavement can subject the driveline to potentially damaging torque levels, to say nothing of scuffing the hell out of the tires.
Unless some speed sensors on front vs rear are detecting something abnormal but I doubt that. The ABS sensors willbe telling the PCM their normal tale of axle speeds; that is independent of trans. output shafts operation. I know of no speed sensing being done between front and rear transfer case output shafts. The trans. itself has 3 speed sensors, one being an output shaft sensor, but it is unaffected by a missing front driveshaft.
I think you're only test is to put the shaft back on and see if it goes back to normal. Agreed......