Ok here goes.
COMPONENT ADVANTAGES
1.) SHAPE
All component speakers are perfect circles. That means the sound is distributed evenly across the speaker reducing distortion caused by one part of the speaker vibrating faster than another part.
2.) FREQUENCY RESPONSE
Component speakers are designed to reproduce a specific frequency range. Tweeters are for highs (flutes, female voices, triangles, etc) mids are for the midranges (guitars, snare drums, male voices, etc.) and mid-bases are designed for lows (bass guitars, male voices, drums, etc.) These are the 3 parts of a component speaker set. Do not confuse the Mid-Base with the Sub-Woofer. Mid-Base speakers are typically 8' woofers. Subs are usually 10' or greater with larger coils.
3.) POSITIONING
Higher frequency sounds travel faster. Lows travel slower. A component set allows you to place the speakers so the sound blends the best. This is known as staging.
Hope this answers your questions.