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I don't know about the newer, computer controlled vehicles these days, but on any of my older vehicles in the past that ever had a battery go bad while the engine was running, was that the engine wouldn't die because of the bad battery. It would keep on running off of the alternator and only after I turned off the engine, would it not start up again. The two weeks you left your truck sit while on vacation may have been enough to drain an already weakened battery to the point of one of the battery cells going bad. You may very well need a new battery if it won't hold a charge from a battery charger. Good luck with the "timing chain guide" issue, but make sure you trust the mechanic who is telling you the timing chain guides broke apart inside the engine. If you weren't having any engine problems or loud rattling noises from the engine timing chain prior to the battery problem, then I would be suspect of what this mechanic is telling you. He could be taking advantage of you because it is an expensive, some what common problem in earlier model 3rd generation Explorers.