Deep cycle batteries are not designed to be a vehicle's primary battery, although they will work for that. They are designed for applications like trolling motors and auxillary power where they get run way down between charges. A regular battery won't last long doing that. And the cranking amp ratings are figured differently for deep cycle batteries so the numbers don't mean the same thing.
A fully charged 12 volt battery should show 12.6 volts with the engine/charging system off. With the engine running, it should read a minimum 13.6 or so. With under 11 volts, I'm surprised you had power for much of anything.
Sounds like the store is doing the test properly. The quick charge and test doesn't really cut it. If a battery has a bad internal connection it won't always show up with the quick charge and test. I had one last year I knew was bad, but it tested good at the store. Thought I was going to have to fight the guy to get him to do the longer charge and test cycle, but he finally reluctantly did it. When I came back a couple of hours later, he said the battery was bad just like I already knew.
I've had great warranty service on several batteries I've bought at WalMart. Less expensive to begin with, plus a 3 year free replacement, and even when it should have been prorated, they replaced it free. I delivered batteries to dealers for 9 years and figured probably thousands of warranties for dealers who just couldn't, or were too lazy to figure it themselves. The people at Walmart that day didn't know how it should have been done.
There are only a few companies that manufacture batteries, so don't pay more for the name. Go for the CCAs, the warranty and service.