Your vehicle is equipped with about a dozen emissions related sensors. It also has an onboard computer that monitors these sensors. When the computer sees something it doesn't like (a sensor outside of it's expected range) it turns on the CHECK ENGINE LIGHT to alert you of a problem. An onboard diagnostics (OBD II) code scanner interfaces with you vehicle's computer and displays any diagnostic trouble codes (DTC's) found. The problem might be something as minor as a loose gas cap, a bad sensor, or a broken wire. Sometimes one actual problem will trigger multiple codes, so further diagnostics are typically required before purchasing replacement parts.