1999 OBD-II Fuel System Monitor
The following is from Ford's 1999 OBD System Operation:
Fuel System Monitor
As fuel system components age or otherwise change over the life of the vehicle, the adaptive fuel strategy learns
deviations from stoichiometry while running in closed loop fuel. These learned corrections are stored in Keep
Alive Memory as long term fuel trim corrections. They may be stored into an 8x10 rpm/load table or they may be
stored as a function of air mass. As components continue to change beyond normal limits or if a malfunction
occurs, the long term fuel trim values will reach a calibratable rich or lean limit where the adaptive fuel strategy is no longer allowed to compensate for additional fuel system changes. Long term fuel trim corrections at their limits, in conjunction with a calibratable deviation in short term fuel trim, indicate a rich or lean fuel system malfunction.
Fuel Monitor Operation:
DTCs
0171 Bank 1 Lean, P0174 Bank 2 Lean
P0172 Bank 1 Rich, P0175 Bank 2 Rich
Monitor Execution:continuous while in closed loop fuel
Sensors OK:Fuel Rail Pressure (if available)
Monitoring Duration:2 seconds to register malfunction
Typical fuel monitor entry conditions:
RPM range: idle to 4,000 rpm
Air Mass Range: 0.75 to 8.0 lbs/min
Typical fuel monitor malfunction thresholds:
Lean malfunction: Long Term Fuel Trim > 25%,
Short Term Fuel Trim > 5%
From the above you know that you're entering closed loop or the P0171, P0174 codes would not get set. The source of the lean condition is something that impacts both banks. Since you have replaced one O2 sensor, it is unlikely that you have bad O2 sensors on both banks. I'm not aware of a fuel pressure monitor on any of the Explorers. So as long as the PCM thinks the fuel pump relay is closed and the engine is running that should not be a factor in the test being executed. As you said, you could have low fuel pressure causing a lean condition. Or there could be unmetered air entering the engine but you've already checked for leaks. The MAF sensor could be reading incorrectly but you've swapped it out.
The first thing I would do is to disconnect the battery for long enough to drain the Keep Alive Memory (KAM). This should eliminate Long Term Fuel Trim as a source for the CEL. Then I would reconnect the battery and drive the vehicle twice - each time making sure the engine gets up to operating temperature.
If the same codes get set, then I would borrow or buy a fuel pressure gauge and measure the pressure at the test port. See
http://www.explorerforum.com/forums/showthread.php?t=256425 for fuel pressures.
If your fuel pressures all pass, then I would resume looking for intake air leaks.